10 tut - SHARING TIP AND TUT: 2014

Thứ Tư, 3 tháng 12, 2014

Installing Metasploit on CentOS/RHEL 6

All command in the guide need to be ran as root. To switch to root and have all the proper variables run

su

Installing Dependencies
We start by making sure that we have the latest packages by updating the system using yum:

yum update
yum upgrade

Now that we know that we are running an updated system we can install all the dependent packages that are needed by Metasploit;

yum groupinstall 'Development Tools'
yum install sqlite-devel libxslt-devel libxml2-devel java-1.7.0-openjdk libpcap-devel nano openssl-devel zlib-devel libffi-devel gdbm-devel readline-devel nano wget

Installing Ruby
First we download and install the latest version of YAML

cd /usr/src
wget http://pyyaml.org/download/libyaml/yaml-0.1.4.tar.gz
tar zxf yaml-0.1.4.tar.gz
cd yaml-0.1.4
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make install

Now we download and install the latest version of Ruby 1.9.3

cd /usr/src
wget http://ftp.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/1.9/ruby-1.9.3-p374.tar.gz
tar xvzf ruby-1.9.3-p374.tar.gz
cd ruby-1.9.3-p374
./configure --prefix=/usr/local --with-opt-dir=/usr/local/lib
make & make install

Installing Nmap
One of the external tools that Metasploit uses for scanning that is not included with the sources is Nmap. Here we will cover downloading the latest source code for Nmap, compiling and installing:

cd /usr/src
svn co https://svn.nmap.org/nmap
cd nmap
./configure
make
make install
make clean

Configuring Postgre SQL Server

The version that comes with CentOS/RHEL is quite old so we need to modify our system to install the latest from PostgreSQL directly. Open /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo and add to the [base] and [update] sections:

exclude=postgresql*

Now we can install the Postgres official repository for CentOS 6 x64:

wget http://yum.postgresql.org/9.2/redhat/rhel-6-x86_64/pgdg-centos92-9.2-6.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh pgdg-centos92-9.2-6.noarch.rpm

for X86 download: http://yum.postgresql.org/9.2/redhat/rhel-6-i386/pgdg-redhat92-9.2-7.noarch.rpm

Fot RHEL 6 x64

wget http://yum.postgresql.org/9.2/redhat/rhel-6-x86_64/pgdg-redhat92-9.2-7.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh pgdg-redhat92-9.2-7.noarch.rpm

for x86 download http://yum.postgresql.org/9.2/redhat/rhel-6-i386/pgdg-centos92-9.2-6.noarch.rpm

To install Postgres and the necessary files we use yum:

yum update
yum install postgresql92-server postgresql92-devel postgresql92

Now we initialize the server and configure it for automatic startup:

service postgresql-9.2 initdb
service postgresql-9.2 start
chkconfig postgresql-9.2 on

For when we compile the necessary gem for ruby we need to add the new install to our path so the compiler can find the binaries and libraries:

echo export PATH=/usr/pgsql-9.2/bin:\$PATH >> /etc/bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

We start by switching to the Postgres user so we can create the user and database that we will use for Metasploit

su - postgres

Now we create the user and Database, do record the database that you gave to the user since it will be used in the database.yml file that Metasploit and Armitage use to connect to the database.

createuser msf -P -S -R -D
createdb -O msf msf
exit
exit

To allow the user we created to connect to Postgres we need to add to /var/lib/pgsql/9.2/data/pg_hba.conf file the following lines above the rest of the other configured settings:

local msf msf md5
host msf msf 127.0.0.1/8 md5
host msf msf ::1/128 md5

host all all 127.0.0.1/32 trust

Restart the service:

service postgresql-9.2 start

Installing Metasploit Framework

Once the packages have been install we need to install the required Ruby libraries that metasploit depends on:

gem install wirble pg sqlite3 msgpack activerecord redcarpet rspec simplecov yard bundler

We will download the latest version of Metasploit Framework via Git so we can use msfupdate to keep it updated:

cd /opt
git clone https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework.git
cd metasploit-framework

Lets create the links to the commands so we can use them under any user and not being under the framework folder:

bash -c 'for MSF in $(ls msf*); do ln -s /opt/metasploit-framework/$MSF /usr/local/bin/$MSF;done'
ln -s /opt/metasploit-framework/armitage /usr/local/bin/armitage

From the Metasploit-Framework folder lets use the Bundler Gem to install the properly supportted Gem versions:

bundle install

Lets create the database.yml file that will contain the configuration parameters that will be use by framework:

nano /opt/metasploit-framework/config/database.yml

Copy the YAML entries and make sure you provide the password you entered in the user creating step in the password field for the database:

production:
adapter: postgresql
database: msf
username: msf
password:
host: 127.0.0.1
port: 5432
pool: 75
timeout: 5

Create and environment variable so it is loaded by Armitage and by msfconsole when running and load the variable in to your current shell:

echo export MSF_DATABASE_CONFIG=/opt/metasploit-framework/config/database.yml >> /etc/bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

First Run

Now we are ready to run Metasploit for the first time. My recommendation is to run it first under a regular user so the folders create under your home directory have the proper permissions. First time it runs it will create the entries needed by Metasploit in the database so it will take a while to load.

msfconsole

Nghẽn mail trên kloxo

Nghẽn mail trên kloxo

Đăng nhập vào quản lý host kloxo, chọn menu Web - Mail - Database => Mail Queue => để xem những mail gửi đi spam -> click vào chi tiết để xem email spam -> disable host spam, sau đó ssh vào chạy những lệnh bên dưới để xóa mail bị nghẽn. nếu vào Mail Queue bị treo thỉ cũng phải xóa những lệnh bên dưới.

ssh vào server gõ lệnh sau:

/var/qmail/bin/qmail-qstat nhấn enter sẽ hiện thị như sau:

Output looks like

messages in queue: 567154
messages in queue but not yet preprocessed: 3

Xóa:

qmailctl stop
find /var/qmail/queue/mess -type f -exec rm {} \;
find /var/qmail/queue/info -type f -exec rm {} \;
find /var/qmail/queue/local -type f -exec rm {} \;
find /var/qmail/queue/intd -type f -exec rm {} \;
find /var/qmail/queue/todo -type f -exec rm {} \;
find /var/qmail/queue/remote -type f -exec rm {} \;
qmailctl start

Disable local mail (Kloxo )

Để tránh IP server bị ảnh hưởng như nghẽn mail, IP bị các tổ chức chống spam mail quốc tế liệt IP vào blacklist, chúng tôi cần tạm ngưng dịch vụ mail client spam mail

1 - Vào 7778 -> mục client -> phần qmail -> Remote mail -> set Remote

2 - SSH server Xóa domain trong file virtualdomains (nếu còn)

/var/qmail/control/virtualdomains

Ngoài ra nếu bạn dùng mail server nơi khác vd mail gmail và gửi đi không được vì hệ thống lầm lẫn với mail local. Bạn cũng có thể dùng cách trên để khắc phục.

Chúc bạn thành công.

Set File Attributes In Linux Using Chattr Command

Chattr is a command used to set / unset file attributes in Linux.
Using chattr it is possible to make a file immutable. That is, even a root user will be prohibited from deleting the file.
To prevent anyone - even a root user - from deleting a file, you set the immutable bit of the file using the chattr command as follows -

# chattr +i filename

The immutable bit option +i can only be set by the root user. So either you should have root priviledges or you need to use sudo to execute the command.

Once the +i bit is set, even root user won't be able to delete or tamper with the file.

To unset the immutable flag -

# chattr -i filename

chattr can be used to set/unset many more file attributes.

For example, if you want to allow everybody to just append data to a file and not change already entered data, you can set the append bit as follows:

# chattr +a filename

Now the filename can only be opened in append mode for writing data. You can unset the append attribute as follows:

# chattr -a filename

To know more about chattr command, check its man page.

MySQL Change root Password

How do I change MySQL root password under Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD and UNIX?

Method #1: Use mysqladmin command to change root password

If you have never set a root password for MySQL server, the server does not require a password at all for connecting as root.
To setup root password for first time, use mysqladmin command at shell prompt as follows:

$ mysqladmin -u root password NEWPASSWORD

However, if you want to change (or update) a root password, then you need to use the following command:

$ mysqladmin -u root -p'oldpassword' password newpass

For example, If the old password is abc, you can set the new password to 123456, enter:

$ mysqladmin -u root -p'abc' password '123456'

How do I verify that the new password is working or not?
Use the following mysql command:

$mysql -u root -p'123456' -e 'show databases;'

To change a normal user password you need to type the following command. In this example, change the password for 10tut mysql user:

$ mysqladmin -u 10tut -p'old-password' password new-password

Method #2: Changing MySQL root user password using mysql command

This is an another method. MySQL stores username and passwords in user table inside MySQL database.
You can directly update or change the password using the following method for user called nixcraft:
Login to mysql server, type the following command at shell prompt:

$ mysql -u root -p

Use mysql database (type command at mysql> prompt):

mysql> use mysql;

Change password for user nixcraft, enter:

mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD("NEWPASSWORD") where User='nixcraft';

Finally, reload the privileges:

mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> quit

Sample live session from my home server

Source: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/mysql-change-root-password/

Cannot find registry resource for Application ID

Cannot find registry resource for Application ID

This error is shown when you access an application link in the 'Applications' tab in Parallels Plesk Panel:

Internal error: Can not find registry resource for Application ID fbea5fe0-7e00-42fb-9fa0-e4fd2e664f8b
Can not find registry resource for Application ID fbea5fe0-7e00-42fb-9fa0-e4fd2e664f8b

Resolution

1.Check there is an aps_registry_object record for this application ID:

mysql> select * from aps_registry_object where uid='fbea5fe0-7e00-42fb-9fa0-e4fd2e664f8b';
Empty set (0.00 sec)

2.Check for this application in the PSA database:

mysql> select * from apsContextsApplications where registryApplicationId='fbea5fe0-7e00-42fb-9fa0-e4fd2e664f8b';
+----+--------------+--------------------------------------+
| id | apsContextId | registryApplicationId                |
+----+--------------+--------------------------------------+
| 19 |           17 | fbea5fe0-7e00-42fb-9fa0-e4fd2e664f8b |
+----+--------------+--------------------------------------+

mysql> select * from apsContexts where id=17;
+----+-----------+---------+-------+----------------+
| id | pleskType | pleskId | ssl   | subscriptionId |
+----+-----------+---------+-------+----------------+
| 17 | hosting   |     530 | false |            527 |
+----+-----------+---------+-------+----------------+

mysql> select name from domains where id=530;
+-------------------+
| name              |
+-------------------+
|    domain.tld     |
+-------------------+

In the above example, records show for the broken application and its corresponding domain.
3. Remove inconsistent records from PSA database:

mysql> delete from apsContexts where id=17;
mysql> delete from apsContextsApplications where apsContextId=17;

Exim Commands

Debug a mail delivery:

/usr/sbin/exim -bt -d email@address.com

Retry message delivery:

/usr/sbin/exim -M messageID

Force delivery of all message:

/usr/sbin/exim -qf

Force delivery of all message and delete of frozen ones:

/usr/sbin/exim -qff

Shows log delivery for a message:

/usr/sbin/exim -Mvl messageID

Display message body:

/usr/sbin/exim -Mvb messageID

Display message header:

/usr/sbin/exim -Mvh messageID

Delete a message without warning:

/usr/sbin/exim -Mrm messageID

Count messages in queue:

/usr/sbin/exim -bpr | grep "<" | wc -l or /usr/sbin/exim -bpc

Display all messages from queue:

/usr/sbin/exim -bp

Count frozen messages:

/usr/sbin/exim -bpr | grep frozen | wc -l

Delete frozen messages:

/usr/sbin/exim -bpr | grep frozen | awk '{print $3}' | xargs /usr/sbin/exim -Mrm

Check how much memory your PHP script is using?

The answer is the memory_get_peak_usage() function.

At the end of your PHP script (footer script for a PHP site, you get the idea), put this line:

echo memory_get_peak_usage();

Or you can write the data down in a text file:

file_put_contents('mu.txt', memory_get_peak_usage());

The output is in bytes.More friendly output,Add to the footer of the templates:

<?php
function convert($size) {
$unit=array('b','kb','mb','gb','tb','pb');
return @round($size/pow(1024,($i=floor(log($size,1024)))),2).' '.$unit[$i];
}
echo convert(memory_get_peak_usage(true));
?>

How to run a stored procedure in sql server every hour

Following step bellow:

In SQL Server Management Studio navigate to SQL Server Agent-->Jobs Right click on the Job Folder and select new job

On the dialog that pops up, give the job a name click on steps, then on new, you will see a dialog like the following, pick correct DB and type your proc name

after that click on schedule, pick new and you will see something like the image below, fill all the stuff you need and click ok, click ok on the job and you should be set

Mysql change the default character set and collation of a table

To change the default character set and collation of a table including those of existing columns (note the convert to clause):

alter table convert to character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;

Note: You can't alter multiple tables at once in mysql, just write a query file to alter all tables and execute that file.

SQL SERVER – Find Row Count in Table – Find Largest Table in Database

How many rows are there in any particular table?
This script will gives row number for every table in database.

USE AdventureWorks
GO
SELECT OBJECT_NAME(OBJECT_ID) TableName, st.row_count
FROM sys.dm_db_partition_stats st
WHERE index_id < 2
ORDER BY st.row_count DESC
GO

Disable exim email on single cPanel Account

A week ago one of our clients account been compromised and the attacker used the server to blast emails.
as a system administrator my task was to prevent any outgoing email from the account before I start to investigate the attack and remove any kind of scripts from the hosting account.

Studying cPanel files made me to come around following solution.
To disable email for one account we can change the permission of /etc directory for that particular user, using our root power simply use following commands:

chmod 0 /home/username/etc
chattr +ia /home/username/etc

You need to replace username with your user username. Once this is done the user will not be able to send anymore emails from local server. To undo this you should run the chattr once more:

chattr -ia /home/username/etc
chmod 750 /home/username/etc

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Hướng dẫn trỏ domain tạm về IP không dùng DNS (sử dụng file host)

Hướng dẫn trỏ domain tạm về IP không dùng DNS

Khi bạn đăng ký hosting dùng thử mà bạn chưa có tên miền, hoặc tên miền đang trỏ vào IP khác mà bạn chưa thể trỏ về hosting vừa tạo. Bạn sẽ cần trỏ tạm tên miền về hosting mới để kiểm tra và chạy thử hosting mới. Các bước thực hiện trỏ tên miền tạm không dùng DNS như sau:

Ví dụ: bạn đăng ký hosting cho tên miền 9tools.org tại máy chủ có IP là 123.30.191.33(mới), IP hiện tại mà tên miền trỏ vào là 123.30.236.231 (cũ). Bạn muốn trỏ tạm tên miền 9tools.org về IP mới mà chỉ áp dụng trên máy tính của bạn, không áp dụng trên các máy tính khác. Bạn làm từng bước như sau:

Bước 1: Mở notepad với quyền administrator

Bước 2: Mở file host tại địa chỉ C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts

Trên Notepad, chọn menu File\Open sau đó mở lần lượt đến thư mục C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\, chọn loại file là All Files (*.*) và chọn file host (file này không có đuôi), mà bấm nút Open.

Bước 3: Sửa file host

Thêm 2 dòng sau vào khoảng trống cuối file:

123.30.191.33 9tools.org
123.30.191.33 www.9tools.org

Bước 4: Lưu file hosts

Bước 5: Kiểm tra, hoàn tất

Bạn để ý, khi ping máy tính của bạn gửi request đến máy chủ có IP là 123.30.191.33, đây chính là IP hosting mà bạn cần trỏ tới. Như vậy bạn đã hoàn tất việc trỏ tạm tên miền về hosting mới.

Bạn lưu ý, việc trỏ tạm này chỉ có tác dụng chỉ trên 1 máy tính có sửa file host, tất cả truy cập khác đến 9tools.org từ những máy tính khác vẫn vào hosting cũ.

QwertyLab Tool Run As System

It is a simple tool that enables you to start a program or run command and script under a local system account. Requires administrative privileges on the PC. This tool is fully compatible with Vista UAC .
For example, to launch an interactive command prompt as a system account simply type 'cmd'.
To run batch file use 'cmd /c [filepath]' command.
System Requirements:

Windows 2000/XP/Vista, Windows Server 2000-2008;

Download

Download RunAsSystem 1.0 zip archive
Size 123 Kb
Date 4/1/2009

OpenSSL Heartbleed vulnerability(CVE-2014-0160) allows hackers to leak 64k of memory

The bug( CVE-2014-0160), dubbed as 'HeartBleed', was independently discovered by Neel Mehta from Google Security team and Codenomicon. The bug appropriately named HeartBleed because vulnerability is located in HeartBeat extension of OpenSSL and it leads to memory leak.

What versions of the OpenSSL are affected?

    OpenSSL 1.0.1 through 1.0.1f (inclusive) are vulnerable
    OpenSSL 1.0.1g is NOT vulnerable
    OpenSSL 1.0.0 branch is NOT vulnerable
    OpenSSL 0.9.8 branch is NOT vulnerable

Bug was introduced to OpenSSL in December 2011 and has been out in the wild since OpenSSL release 1.0.1 on 14th of March 2012. OpenSSL 1.0.1g released on 7th of April 2014 fixes the bug.

Check whether Your server is vulnerable or not:
"http://filippo.io/Heartbleed/" allows to find whether your server is vulnerable to this bug or not.

Details about the Bug:

TLS Heartbeat extension is to ping from one end to another end - a specific message with size of it is being sent from client to server and server responds with the same message.

But, if an attacker send a small size of data(Let's say 1 kilo byte) and claims it's large size(64k), then the server(running vulnerable OpenSSL) will respond with 1 kilo byte of attacker's data + 63 kilobytes of data read from memory of the server.

How to fix it?

If your server is using OpenSSL 1.0.1 and 1.0.1f, then better upgrade to 1.0.1g. If you are using 1.0.0 and 0.9.8, you are not vulnerable to this bug. As a temporary fix, users can remove HeartBeat extension by recompiling OpenSSL with -DOPENSSL_NO_HEARTBEATS

Technical details of this bug can be found:
http://blog.existentialize.com/diagnosis-of-the-openssl-heartbleed-bug.html
http://heartbleed.com/

Here is POC script written in Python: https://gist.github.com/ixs/10116537
Metasploit Module :
https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/auxiliary/scanner/ssl/openssl_heartbleed.rb

Nessus Plugin:
http://www.tenable.com/plugins/index.php?view=single&id=73404

Nmap Script(NSE):
http://nmap.org/nsedoc/scripts/ssl-heartbleed.html

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Calculating Maximum Connections for MySQL Server

Backup your my.cnf file

The my.cnf file is the MySQL configuration file that needs to be modified to optimize the performance of MySQL database servers. Make sure you always backup a copy of this very important configuration before changing it.

Determine the advisable value for max_connections

How high should we set max_connections? Well, it depends on how much memory (RAM) do you have on the server.
You might want to use the formula to come up with the value we are looking for.

max_connections = (Available RAM - Global buffers) / Thread buffers

But before that, we need to know the values of the variables on our right side - available RAM, global buffers, and thread buffers.

Determine the Available RAM

To determine the Available RAM, issue the following command.

free -tb

Here's the result of the command in my case:
The number in red is the available memory measured in bytes.

Determine the Global and Thread Buffers

In a mysql console, issue the following statement:

SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%buffer%';

The following are considered global buffers:

key_buffer_size
innodb_buffer_pool
innodb_log_buffer
innodb_additional_mem_pool
net_buffer_size

The following are considered thread specific buffers:

sort_buffer_size
myisam_sort_buffer_size
read_buffer_size
join_buffer_size
read_rnd_buffer_size

Delete IPTables Rules By Line Number

First off list all IPTable's rules by chain number:

iptables -vnL --line-numbers

Then delete the line you want:

iptables -D INPUT 22

This will delete chain line number 22

Change MySQL Table Prefix Tools

Description

This script makes it possible for you to change table prefix for MySql databases.

Features

Add prefix to unprefixed tables
Rename/change prefix
Remove prefix

This is a quick modification of another script found at the below address.
http://www.nilpo.com/2009/01/web-development/mysql-table-prefix-changer-tool/.

Download
Change MySQL Table Prefix Tools

Find and Delete Duplicate Posts (Title) in WordPress

The first and fastest (in other words: simplest) thing to do is to search for duplicate entries in the database. For example with the following SQL query.

Find Duplicate Posts

SELECT a.ID, a.post_title, a.post_type, a.post_status
FROM wp_posts AS a
   INNER JOIN (
      SELECT post_title, MIN( id ) AS min_id
      FROM wp_posts
      WHERE post_type = 'post'
      AND post_status = 'publish'
      GROUP BY post_title
      HAVING COUNT( * ) > 1
   ) AS b ON b.post_title = a.post_title
AND b.min_id <> a.id
AND a.post_type = 'post'
AND a.post_status = 'publish'

The result shows us all post that we have in our database, which share their title at least with one other post. To make the result faster and easier readable, our SQL statement only shows us the ID, post_title, post_type and post_status columns from the wp_posts table. Here are our fictional results.

ID	post_title	post_type	post_status
12109	Aus dem Leben eines Taugenichts	post	publish
23	Aus dem Leben eines Taugenichts	post	publish
12123	Narziß und Goldmund	post	publish
121	Narziß und Goldmund	post	publish
2123	Narziß und Goldmund	post	publish
145	Jakob der Lügner	post	publish
12	Jakob der Lügner	post	publish

(Yes, these are all German language literature classics.)

You could now double check by performing a search for “Narziß und Goldmund” in the WordPress admin UI posts list screen. There you should get the same post duplicates as you’ve found by using the previous SQL query. As you’ll soon encounter, the reason why we choose to use the SQL admin UI over the WordPress admin UI is that we can search for all duplicate titles at once instead of running one search query for each title. And that is a huge time saver.

Delete Duplicate Posts

To proceed further with our task of cleaning out duplicates in our database, we only need to change two minor things: First we change SELECT to DELETE to actually remove the entries. And second, we switch from selecting only a few columns, that we needed for a quick glance at the duplicates, to all columns: *. Take a look at our new SQL query.

DELETE a.*
FROM wp_posts AS a
   INNER JOIN (
      SELECT post_title, MIN( id ) AS min_id
      FROM wp_posts
      WHERE post_type = 'post'
      AND post_status = 'publish'
      GROUP BY post_title
      HAVING COUNT( * ) > 1
   ) AS b ON b.post_title = a.post_title
AND b.min_id <> a.id
AND a.post_type = 'post'
AND a.post_status = 'publish'

After you run this query from your database UI (that would mostly be phpMyAdmin or Adminer) or a console, you’re mostly done. Keep in mind, we recommend that you back up your database before running such a query.

Backup and Restore a single table using mysqldump

Backup a single table from a database

mysqldump -u -p database_one table_name1 table_name2 table_name3 > /var/www/backups/table_name.sql

Restore the table into another database

mysql -u -p database_two < /var/www/backups/table_name.sql

You can dump a query as csv like this:

SELECT * from myTable
INTO OUTFILE '/tmp/querydump.csv'
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
ENCLOSED BY '"'
LINES TERMINATED BY '\n'

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How to Create/Restore Backup In Kloxo

Backup/Restore is a core part of Kloxo. You can take backup of your entire hosting and you can trivially restore it exactly on another server. In a cluster setup, you can take backup in one cluster configuration, and when restoring, you can tell Kloxo to re-arrange the resources on different servers.
Backup/Restore is also an extremely important aspect of web-hosting, and delivers peace of mind, and in fact, one of the main advantages of having a control Panel on your server.

It is recommended, though not necessary, that both the source and destination Kloxo be the latest version, but Kloxo should be transparently able to handle older versions.To take backup of your entire system:

 /script/backup --class=client --name=admin

Kloxo is 100% hierarchical. So if you take the backup of a top level client, automatically every resource under him is included, including his clients, domains, ssl certificates, or whatever resources he has. In the above case, you are taking the backup for admin, which actually includes your entire hosting.

To restore:

#/script/restore --restore --accounts=all <backup-file-path>

To list the contents of a backup file.

#/script/restore --list <backup-file-path>

To restore only certain domains/clients

#cd /usr/local/lxlabs/kloxo/httpdocs/

#lphp.exe ../bin/common/restore.php --restore --accounts=domain:domain.com,client:clientname <backup-file-path>

If you have taken the backup under a specific client, and want to restore under the same client, you can provide the client's class and name via --class and --name respectively. You have to first make sure that this client exists in the system. That is, you have to first add a client with the clientname, and then you can restore the backup under him.

#cd /usr/local/lxlabs/kloxo/httpdocs/

#lphp.exe ../bin/common/restore.php --class=client --name=clientname --restore <backup-file-path>

[Step by step]Create a MySQL Database, Username, Password, and Privileges from the command line

Create a MySQL Database, Username, Password, and Privileges from the command line

Step 1: Login to MySQL ( you will need an account )

user@server:~$ mysql -u mysql_user -p
Enter password:

Step 2: Create the Database

mysql > create database db_name;

Step 3: Verify that it’s there

mysql > show databases;

Step 4: Create the User

mysql > create user db_user;

Step 5: Grant privileges while assigning the password

mysql > grant all on db_name.* to 'db_user'@'localhost' identified by 'db_password';

*Note: The localhost field usually doesn’t have to be edited, but you can set it to the specific address.

The above example grants all privileges, obviously. But you will likely want to limit privileges under many circumstances. These parameters include select, insert, and delete.
Choose all that apply and separate by comma, thusly:

mysql > grant select, insert, delete on db_name.* to 'db_user'@'localhost' identified by 'db_password';

Fix Cpanel Email Disk Space Usage show incorrectly

By default , In Cpanel Email Disk space usage is recalculated every four hours.
To update Email Disk space usage, try running /scripts/generate_maildirsize on the affected account. The syntax would be:

# /scripts/generate_maildirsize --confirm --allaccounts --verbose $USER

Replace $USER with the actual cPanel account username (the cPanel user, not the domain).

Fix Kloxo awstats 500 internal server error

If you get a 500 error when accessing awstats, then the fix is to reset permissions, NOT by using the permission fix tool within the admin console, but you will need root access to fix this.
So if your host uses kloxo and you are getting 500 errors then chances are you wont be able to fix it from a client account.
Run command below:

    #cd /home/kloxo/httpd/awstats/wwwroot/
    #chmod 755 cgi-bin -R
    #chmod 755 icon -R
Once this has been changed then awstats will work again.

Update PHP 5.3 for Kloxo

You can follow the steps below to update your php version to 5.3 for Kloxo.

Install repository

Creat file /etc/yum.repos.d/ius.repo

[ius]
name=IUS Community Packages for Enterprise Linux 5 - $basearch
baseurl=http://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/Redhat/5/$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

Creat file /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo

[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 5 - $basearch
baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
exclude=nginx*

Install yum replace

yum install yum-plugin-replace

Replace php with php53u

yum replace php --replace-with=php53u

* Other way: remove php and install php53u

yum -y remove php php-common
yum -y install php53u php53u-cli php53u-devel php53u-gd php53u-imap php53u-mbstring php53u-mysql php53u-pdo php53u-pear php53u-xml

Create a php.ini template for php5.3

# cp /usr/local/lxlabs/kloxo/file/phpini/php.ini.template-5.2 /usr/local/lxlabs/kloxo/file/phpini/php.ini.template-5.3
# chown -R lxlabs:lxlabs /usr/local/lxlabs/kloxo/file/phpini/php.ini.template-5.3

Verify the new PHP version.

# php -v

How to change Mysql data directory location?

Mysql is most famous open source RDBMS (Relational database management system) software used by millions of websites.
Most of website with very large Mysql database experience storage problem because /var partition is to small which holds Mysql data files and folder by default.
If you are experiencing such a problem then you have to move your Mysql data directory to other linux partition (eg: /home).
To change your directory without affecting Mysql configuration. Follow these steps.

Note: before changing Mysql data directory please backup all your database

mysqldump --all-databases | gzip > /home/alldatabases.sql.gz

First stop Mysql service

/etc/init.d/mysqld stop

create a folder 'mysql' in /home partition

copy whole Mysql data directory to 'mysql' in preserve mode

cp –pr /var/lib/mysql/ /home/mysql

-p means preserve the specified attributes (default: mode, ownership, timestamps)

-r means copy each directory sub-directory and files

then create a symbolic link from new data directory to old data directory

ln -s /home/mysql/ /var/lib/mysql/

Now start Mysql service

/etc/init.d/mysqld start

If its working properly then delete each file and folder from old data directory

cd /var/lib/mysql rm –rf *

Mass convert a project to UTF-8 using Notepad++

Lately, I had to convert the encoding of a multimodule maven project from our default Cp-1252 encoding to UTF-8.
The most dificult task however was converting all our source files from Cp-1252 to UTF-8 and preferably on Windows :) .
I’ve been looking into applications that would auto-convert everything for me, but none of them actually converted to content, resulting in garbage files. I almost started converting all the files by hand using Notepad++ when I discovered this process could be automated !
First of all you’ll need to install the Python Script plugin using the Notepad++ Plugin Manager. Then, after installing and restarting, you have to create a new script with the following code:

import os;

import sys;

filePathSrc="C:\\Temp\\UTF8"

for root, dirs, files in os.walk(filePathSrc):

for fn in files:

  if fn[-4:] != '.jar' and fn[-5:] != '.ear' and fn[-4:] != '.gif' and fn[-4:] != '.jpg' and fn[-5:] != '.jpeg' and fn[-4:] != '.xls' and fn[-4:] != '.GIF' and fn[-4:] != '.JPG' and fn[-5:] != '.JPEG' and fn[-4:] != '.XLS' and fn[-4:] != '.PNG' and fn[-4:] != '.png' and fn[-4:] != '.cab' and fn[-4:] != '.CAB' and fn[-4:] != '.ico':

    notepad.open(root + "\\" + fn)

    console.write(root + "\\" + fn + "\r\n")

    notepad.runMenuCommand("Encoding", "Convert to UTF-8 without BOM")

    notepad.save()

    notepad.close()

If you have problems running the script, then first open the console (Plugins > Python Script > Show Console). Chances are that the indents got messed up (for those who don’t know Python, it doesn’t use curly brackets to identify a code block, it uses correct indentation instead).

P/S: You first have to create the script via “Plugins > New Script”, then it’ll be available in the menu:

Source: http://pw999.wordpress.com/2013/08/19/mass-convert-a-project-to-utf-8-using-notepad/

Find The Largest Top 10 Files and Directories On a Linux / UNIX / BSD?

How Do I Find The Largest Top 10 Files and Directories On a Linux / UNIX / BSD?

Sometime it is necessary to find out what file(s) or directories are eating up all your disk space. Further, it may be necessary to find out it at the particular location such as /tmp or /var or /home.

Type the following command at the shell prompt to find out top 10 largest file/directories:
# du -a /var | sort -n -r | head -n 10
du -ah /var | sort -rh | head -n 10
Sample outputs:

1008372 /var
313236  /var/www
253964  /var/log
192544  /var/lib
152628  /var/spool
152508  /var/spool/squid
136524  /var/spool/squid/00
95736   /var/log/mrtg.log
74688   /var/log/squid
62544   /var/cache

If you want more human readable output try:
$ cd /path/to/some/where
$ du -hsx * | sort -rh | head -10
Where,

    du command -h option : display sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K, 234M, 2G).
    du command -s option : show only a total for each argument (summary).
    du command -x option : skip directories on different file systems.
    sort command -r option : reverse the result of comparisons.
    sort command -h option : compare human readable numbers. This is GNU sort specific option only.
    head command -10 OR -n 10 option : show the first 10 lines.

The above command will only work of GNU/sort is installed. Other Unix like operating system should use the following version (see comments below):

 
for i in G M K; do du -ah | grep [0-9]$i | sort -nr -k 1; done | head -n 11
 

Sample outputs:

179M .
84M ./uploads
57M ./images
51M ./images/faq
49M ./images/faq/2013
48M ./uploads/cms
37M ./videos/faq/2013/12
37M ./videos/faq/2013
37M ./videos/faq
37M ./videos
36M ./uploads/faq

Find the largest file in a directory and its subdirectories using find comamnd

Type the following GNU/find command:

## Warning: only works with GNU find ##
find /path/to/dir/ -printf '%s %p\n'| sort -nr | head -10
find . -printf '%s %p\n'| sort -nr | head -10
 

Sample outputs:

5700875 ./images/faq/2013/11/iftop-outputs.gif
5459671 ./videos/faq/2013/12/glances/glances.webm
5091119 ./videos/faq/2013/12/glances/glances.ogv
4706278 ./images/faq/2013/09/cyberciti.biz.linux.wallpapers_r0x1.tar.gz
3911341 ./videos/faq/2013/12/vim-exit/vim-exit.ogv
3640181 ./videos/faq/2013/12/python-subprocess/python-subprocess.webm
3571712 ./images/faq/2013/12/glances-demo-large.gif
3222684 ./videos/faq/2013/12/vim-exit/vim-exit.mp4
3198164 ./videos/faq/2013/12/python-subprocess/python-subprocess.ogv
3056537 ./images/faq/2013/08/debian-as-parent-distribution.png.bak

You can skip directories and only display files, type:

 
find /path/to/search/ -type f -printf '%s %p\n'| sort -nr | head -10
 

OR

 
find /path/to/search/ -type f -iname "*.mp4" -printf '%s %p\n'| sort -nr | head -10

Cpanel Restart Services

By default, you may restart the following services via WHM:

DNS nameserver (named/BIND or NSD)
FTP Server (ProFTPd or Pure-FTPd)
HTTP web server (Apache/httpd)
POP3/IMAP email server (Courier or Dovecot)
POP3 server (cPPOP)
Mail server (Exim)
SQL server (MySQL)
SSH server (openSSH)

Restarting a service will not work if the service is stopped. If you wish to start or stop a service, refer to the Service Manager feature in WHM.

To restart a service:

On the main Restart Services screen, select the service you wish to restart.
When asked whether you wish to restart the service, click Yes.

Restart from the command line

Important: If you use IPv6, the service network restart command will remove the IPv6 addresses from the network device. To restart your IPv6 configuration, you must run the /etc/init.d/cpipv6 restart command after you restart the network service.

exim mail transfer agent (mta).	/usr/local/cpanel/scripts/restartsrv exim
bind nameserver daemon.	/usr/local/cpanel/scripts/restartsrv named
proftp ftp server daemon.	/usr/local/cpanel/scripts/restartsrv proftpd
pure-ftp ftp server daemon.	/usr/local/cpanel/scripts/restartsrv pureftpd
apache web server daemon.	/usr/local/cpanel/scripts/restartsrv httpd
courier mail server daemon.	/usr/local/cpanel/scripts/restartsrv courier
dovecot mail server daemon.	/usr/local/cpanel/scripts/restartsrv dovecot
system logs daemon.	/usr/local/cpanel/scripts/restartsrv syslogd
clam antivirus software daemon.	/usr/local/cpanel/scripts/restartsrv clamd
secure shell (ssh) daemon	/usr/local/cpanel/scripts/restartsrv sshd
common unix superserver daemon responsible for managing internet services.	/usr/local/cpanel/scripts/restartsrv inetd
cpanel’s version of pop3 mail downloading service. similar to imap.	/usr/local/cpanel/scripts/restartsrv cppop
imap mail downloading service. similar to pop3.	/usr/local/cpanel/scripts/restartsrv imapd
mysql database server.	/usr/local/cpanel/scripts/restartsrv mysql
postgresql database server.	/usr/local/cpanel/scripts/restartsrv postgresql
interchange e-commerce server.	/usr/local/cpanel/scripts/restartsrv interchange
java servlet container and http server.	/usr/local/cpanel/scripts/restartsrv tomcat
chat service.	/usr/local/cpanel/scripts/restartsrv entropychat

Restart directly from the command line
If this does not work, you can attempt to restart the service directly. The location of the service depends upon your operating system; however, for many distributions, services are located in the /etc/init.d/ directory.

.htaccess Rewriting CodeIgniter URLs on Apache 2.4 and mod_fastcgi_handler (FCGI)

CodeIgniter had some problems with mod_rewrite on a shared hosting account where the hoster runs
Apache + FCGI
When you tried to use CI’s SEO URLs, you'll get an error 'No input file specified'.

And the solution here:
Create an .htaccess file in the same directory with index.php and paste into it:

RewriteEngine On
# Existing files and directories remain accessible
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -f [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -d
RewriteRule ^.* - [L]

# Redirect the rest
RewriteCond $1 !^(index\.php|images|robots\.txt)
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /index.php?/$1 [QSA,L]

Other solution :
Create a customized PHP.INI file under the root directory of your site with the following line.

cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;

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